MỘT SỐ MẪU CÂU LUYỆN KỸ NĂNG VIẾT

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Teacher : T T K O
CÁC CẤU TRÚC TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG
1.
1. Whose + N + be + Pronoun? ( C¸i nµy cđa ai? )
2. Who + do/ does + N + belong to? (C¸i nµy thc cđa ai? )
Ex: Whose cars are these?
Who do these cars belong to?
2.
1. S(person) + spend(any tense) + time + V ing + O
(Ai dùng bao nhiªu thêi gian lµm g×).
2. It + take( any tense) + Obj (person) + time + To + Vo.
(Ai mÊt bao nhiªu thêi gian ®Ĩ lµm g×).
3. S + V(any tense) + …. + in + time
( Ai lµm viƯc g× trong bao nhiªu thêi gian)
Ex: He spent 2 hours doing his homework.
It took him 2 hours to do his homework
He did his HW in 2 hours
3.
1. S1 + V + because/ since/ as + S2 + V
Main clause adverb clause of reason
2. S + V(any tense) + …+ because of + N/ N(phrase) .
(Ai ®ã lµm sao bëi v× )
3. N/N(phrase) + make( any tense) + Obj(person) + Vo / adj
(C¸i g× lµm cho ai ®ã lµm sao ®ã ).
Ex 1 : We didn’t go to Vung Tau because the weather was bad.
clause
→We didn’t go to Vung Tau because of the bad weather.
Ex 2 : They laughed because of the clowns. N- pharse
→The clowns made them laugh.
4.
1. This is the first time + S +have/has + ever + V3/ed + ….
(§©y lµ lÇn ®Çu tiªn … tõng lµm viƯc g×).
2. S + have/ has + never + V3/ed + …. + before.
(Ai cha tõng lµm viƯc g× tríc ®ã).
Ex: This is the first time I have ever visited Ha Long bay
I have never visited Ha Long before
5.
1. When + did + S + V + …?
(S lµm c¸i g× ®ã vµo khi nµo )
2. How long + have/has + S + V3/ed…?
+ have/has + S + been + V-ing + …?
Ex: When did you study English ? → How long have you studied English?
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Teacher : T T K O
6.
1. S(person) + find(any tense)+ N/ Obj + adj (ing)
(Ai nhËn thÊy c¸i g× ra sao)
2. S (person) + be + adj(ed) + prep + N/Obj.
Ex: I found the book interesting.
I was interested in the book
Adj(ing) Adj(ed) + prep
boring
interesting
amusing
amazing
tiring
surprising
annoying
bored with
interested in
amused at
amazed at
tired of
surprised at
annoyed at
7.
1. S + last / first + V2/ed + adv of time
(S lÇn ®Çu, lÇn ci lµm c¸i g×).
2. The last / first time + S + V2/ed + be + Adv of time
(S lÇn ci/®Çu lµm g× lµ tõ khi … )
3. S + haven’t /hasn’t + V3/ed… + since / for + adv of time
( S cha tõng lµm g× tõ / kho¶ng …)
4. It + be + adv of time + since + S + last / first + V2/ed
Ex: I last saw Nam 2 years ago
I haven’t seen Nam for 2 years
8.
1. It is + time + since + S + last + V2/ed ….
(§· ®ỵc bao nhiªu thêi gian kĨ tõ lÇn ci S lµm viƯc g×)
2. S + (have/has) + not + V3/ed … + for + time
( S Cha lµm g× tõ/ kho¶ng … )
Ex: It was 2 years since I last saw him
I haven’t seen him for 2 years
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1. S + take care of(any tense) + N/ V-ing + …
2. S + look after (any tense) + N/ V-ing + …
Ex: Can you take care of my house?
Can you look after my house?
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1. S + enjoy/ like + N/ V-ing + … than + N/V-ing …
2. S + would rather + Vo + than + Vo …
3. S + prefer + N/V-ing +…… + to + N/ V-ing +…….
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Teacher : T T K O
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1. S1 + aux V + not + allow + Obj (person) + to Vo +
( S1 kh«ng cho phÐp ai lµm g× )
2. S1 + prevent (any tense) + Obj (person) + from + V-ing …
( S1 ng¨n cÊm ai lµm viƯc g×)
Ex: They don’t allow the students to smoke here
They prevent the students from smoking here
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Vay, mỵn ai
1. S + borrow + Obj(person) + Obj(thing)
2. S + lend + Obj(person) + Obj(thing)
Ex: Nam borrowed me money
I lent Nam money
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Hµo høng mong ®ỵi lµm viƯc g× ®ã
1. S + look forward to + V-ing + …
2. S+ be + excited (at, about) + V-ing …
3. S + long to + Vo …
Ex: We are very excited about meeting Lan
We look forward to meeting Lan
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1. S + be + the + (adj + est / most + adj) + N+ S + have/ has ever + V3/ed
2. S + have/has + never + V3/ed + such + (a/an) + adj + N + before.
Ex: This is the biggest house I have ever seen.
I have never seen such a big house before.
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1. After+ S + had+ V3/ed …, S + V2/ed…
2. Before + S + V2/ed…, + S +had +V3/ed…
Ex: Before I had finished my home work, I went to bed
After I went to bed, I had finished my home work
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1. S(N) + V + so + adj / adv + that + S + V …
2. Pron (it/they) + V + such (a/an) + adj + N + that + S + V
Ex: He drives so carelessly that he often has accidents.
He is such a careless driver that he often has acccidents.
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Teacher : T T K O
17.
1. S + V(-) + adj / adv + enough + to + Vo …
2. S + V(+) + too + adj / adv( tr¸i nghÜa ) + to + Vo…
Ex: The table is not light enough for me to lift .
The table is too heavy for me to lift
S + V + adj/adv + enough +( For + O) + to + Vo
Ex 1 : The film was interesting. We saw it twice.
The film was interesting enough for us to see it twice
Ex 2 : He is very tall. He can reach the shelf.
He is strong enough to reach the shelf.
18.
S + V + too + adj/adv + (for + O) + to + Vo …
Ex 1 : He is very ill. He can’t go to school
He is too ill to go to school
Ex 2 : He drives very slowly. He can’t reach the finish
He drives too slowly to reach the finish
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S + V … in order (not) to / so as (not) to + Vo… (Nh»m ®Ĩ)
S + V + so that + clause (S+ V)
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Adj and adv of manner/ V and N of job.
S + V(present) + +Adv of manner
S + be + a/an + Adj + N(Job)
Ex: He drive s carefully
He is a careful drive r
Adj Adv of manner Verb Noun of job
good
bad
careless
hard
fast
late
early
soon
noisy
different
well
badly
carelessly
hard
fast
late
early
soon
noisily
differently
work
saw
invent
teach
cook
sing
play
drive
speak
run
worker
sawyer
inventor
teacher
cook
singer
player
driver
speaker
runner
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Teacher : T T K O
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1. How + adj (träng lỵng, kÝch cì) + be + S (N/ Pro)?
2. What + be + one’s + N(träng lỵng, kÝch cì) ?
Ex: How tall are you?
What is your height?
Adj Noun
tall/ high
big/small
long/short
deep
thin
thick
wide/narrow
old
height
size
length
depth
thinness
thickness
width
age
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Nªn / kh«ng nªn
1. S + should(not ) + Vo…
2. S + had better( not ) + Vo…
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1. S + don’t / doesn’t + Vo + … any more
2. S + used to + Vo …
3. S + stop + Ving …
4. S + no longer + V …
5. S + V + … + any longer.
6. S + give up + V-ing …
Ex: She doesn’t smoke any more
She used to smoke
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Let’s + Vo…
Let’s not + Vo
Let + O ( me, her, them, Nam ) + Vo …
S + let / don’t let + O (person) + Vo…
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1. S + have(any tense) + O (person) + Vo + O (thing)
→S + have(any tense) + O (thing) + V3/ed …+ by + O(person)
1. S + get (any tense) + O(person) + to + Vo + O(thing)
→ S + get (any tense) + O(thing) + V3/ed + by + O (person)
Ex 1 :I will have Nam repair my bike
I will have my bike repair ed by Nam
Ex 2 : He got someone to clean the door
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Teacher : T T K O
He got the door clean ed by someone
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1. Is this + OK / alright + If I + Vo… ?
2. Would it be + OK / alright + if I + V2/ed… ?
3. Do you mind if I + Vo …?
4. Would you mind if I + V2/ed … ?
5. Do/would you mind+ me/my + Ving ?
Ex: Is this alright / ok if I borrow your pen?
Do you mind if I borrow your pen?
Would you mind if I borrowed your pen?
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1. Do/ Would you mind + V- ing ….?
2. Can / could / will / would you + Vo… for me?
Ex: Do you mind opening the door?
Can you open the door for me?
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S + V + not only + (adj/adv/Noun) + but also + (adj/ adv/ Noun)
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S1 + V + the same + N + as + S2(N)
S1/N1 + be + different from + S2/ N2
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1. S1/N1 + V + adj /adv(so s¸nh h¬n ) + than + S2/ N2
2. S2/ N2+ (aux V + not) + as / so + adj/adv + as + S1/N1
Ex: She is taller than her sister.
Her sister is not so tall as her.
PASSIVE VOICE
Active: S + V(present ) + Obj + …
Passive: S + is/am/are + V3/ed + …. By + Obj
Ex: People speak English all over the world
EL is spoken all over the world by people
Active: S + V (past tense) + Obj + ….
Passive: S + was/were + V3/ed + …… by + Obj
Ex: He did his homework last night.
His homework was done last night.
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Teacher : T T K O
S + V (present progressive) + Obj + ……
S + (is/am/are) + being + V3/ed + … + by + Obj
Ex: They are building a new stadium here
A new stadium is being built here by them
S + have/has + V3/ed + Obj +……
S + have/has + been + V3/ed + ……. + by + Obj
Ex: I have learnt EL since 1999
EL has been learnt since 1999 by me
S + have/has + been + Ving + Obj +…
S + have/has + been + being + V3/ed + by + Obj
Ex: We have been playing soccer for 2 hours
Soccer has been being played for 2 hours by us
S + was/were + Ving + Obj + ….
S + was/were + being + V3/ed) +…. +by + Obj
Ex: She was reading book at 8 o’clock last night
Book was being read at 8 last night by her
S + had + V3/ed + Obj +……
S + had + been + V3/ed + … + by + Obj
Ex: She had done her homework before she went to bed.
Her homework had been done before she went to bed.
* Modal verbs: (will, would, may, might, shall, should, ought to, must, be going to, have
to, used to, can , could, be able to. )
S + modal verbs + Vo + Obj + ……
S + modal verbs + be + V3/ed + …… by + Obj
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Teacher : T T K O
Ex: He can do this exercise
This exercise can be done (by him).
* Trêng hỵp bÊt qui t¾c
C¸c ®éng tõ chØ gi¸c quan
S + see/watch/ notice/ hear + Obj + Vo /V-ing …
S + be + V3/ed + to Vo + ……. By + Obj
Ex: I saw him play soccer yesterday
He was seen to play soccer yesterday
C¸c ®éng t f chØ ý kiÕn (say, think, report, consider, believe )
Active: S1 + V1(ý kiÕn) + that + S2+ V2 + …
Passive: S2 + be + V3/ed + To Vo / To have + V3/ed
Or: It + be + V3/ed (ý kiến) + that + S2 + V2 + …
Ex: They say that he is a famous singer
He is said to be a famous singer
It is said that he is a famous singer
Active: Vo + Obj + …

Passive: Let + Obj + be + V3/ed …
Ex: Write your name here.
Let your name be written here.
Active: Don’t + Vo + Obj …!
Passive: Don’t + let + Obj + be + V3/ed …
Ex: Don’t open the door
Don’t let the door be opened
Dïng víi need
Active: S + need + to have + Obj(thing) + V3/ed …
Passive: S(thing) + need +( Ving/to be + V3/ed) …
Ex: You need to have your house painted.
Your house needs painting
to be painted
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Teacher : T T K O
Active: How/ Wh- + aux V + S + V + Obj …?
Pasive: How/ What + be + S + V3/ed + + by + Obj …?
Ex: When did he do his homework ?
When was his homework done by him ?
Câu cảm thán
1. What + (a/an) + Adj + N !
2. How + Adj + the + N + be !
Ex: What beautiful houses!
How beautiful the houses are!
Tèt, tư tÕ lµm viƯc g× ®ã.
1. It is very kind of + Obj(person) + to + Vo +
2. S + be + kind + to + Vo / Obj.
Ex: You are very kind to help me
It is very kind of you to help me
C¹n kiƯt, hÕt c¸i g×
1. N + be + empty
2. S + run out of + N
Ex: The car’s fuel is empty.
The car runs out of fuel

1. S + V2/ed + … adv of time.
2. S + have/has + V3/ed … + for / since + adv of time.
Ex: We lived in Mai son 2 years ago.
We have lied in Mai son for 2 years.

Yªu nhau
1. S + love(any tense) + Obj(person ) …
2. S + fall(any tense) + in love with + Obj(person) ….
Ex: She loved him at the first sight.
She fell in love with him at the first sight
1. S + enjoy + reflexive Pron (himself, herself, themslves) …
( Tù thëng thøc thêi gian vui vỴ)
2. S + have a good time …(Cã thêi gian vui vỴ).
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Teacher : T T K O
Ex: She enjoyed herself at the party.
She had a good time at the party.
1. S1 + S2 + have(any tense) + good relationship
( Cã mèi quan hƯ tèt víi ai )
2. S1 + get (any tense) on well with + S2
( Hoµ thn víi ai).
Ex: She and I have had good relationship since 2003.
She has gotten on well with me since 2003.
C©u mƯnh lƯnh gi¸n tiÕp
S + V + ask + Obj(person) + (not) + to + Vo
Tell
Beg (khẩn, nài)
Warn (cảnh báo)
Permit (cho phép)
Want (muốn)
Advise(khun)
Order (ra lệnh)
Invite (mời)
Allow (cho phép)
Teach (dạy)
Encourage (khuyến khích)
TỪ LIÊN KẾT – CONNECTIVES/ CONNECTORS
and nối hai thành phần cùng loại (n, adj, adv ), but/ however nêu lên ý tương phản,
or dùng để giới thiệu một ý khác, thường gặp trong câu hỏi; so/ therefore dùng để chỉ kết
quả
Ex: She danced and sang beautifully./ He is handsome and intelligent.
He was rich but unhappy.
It was too hot so I opened the window./ I worked hard so I passed the exam easily.
It was still painful so I went to see a doctor.
He’s only 17 and therefore not eligible to vote.
Nam didn’t study. Therefore, he failed the test. = Nam didn’t study. He, therefore, failed the test.
It was cold. However, I still went swimming.
S + V but + S + V.
S + V, however, S + V. / S+ V. However, S + V.
S + V, so + S + V.
S + V, therefore, + S + V. / S + V. Therefore, + S + V
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Teacher : T T K O
MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ SỰ NHƯNG BỘ(ADVERB CLAUSES
OF CONCESSION)
Although, though, even though, in spite of, despite có nghóa là dù, mặc dù, dù
cho được dùng để chỉ sự tương phản giữa hai mệnh đề. Những mệnh đề chứa các từ này
gọi là mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ.
Ex: Although he is intelligent, he can’t do the test.
In spite of/ Despite his intelligence, he can’t do the test.
Though he works hard, he is still poor.
In spite of/ Despite working hard, he is still poor.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)
IF-CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
TYPE I
Có thể xảy ra dễ
dàng ở HT or TL
Present simple
S + V
( s/es)
S + will/shall + Vo . . .
S + can/may/must…+ Vo
S + V(s/es) (thói quen)
Ex: - If I have enough money, I’ll buy a motorbike.
- If it rains, we won’t go to the cinema.
TYPE II
Không có thật
hoặc trái với sự
Past subjunctive
S +V
2/ed
(be →were)
S + would/ could…+ Vo…

Ex: - If I were you, I would study hard.
- If he had a lot of money, he would visit around the world.
TYPE III
Không có thật
hoặc trái với sự
thật ở QK
Past perfect
S + had + V
3/ed
S + would/could + have + V
3/ed
Ex: If Peter had studied hard, he wouldn’t have failed the exam.
* Ghi chú: Unless = If. . . not
Ex: We’ll be late if we don’t hurry.
 Unless we hurry, we’ll be late.
Không bao giờ có hình thức phủ đònh của động từ trong mệnh đề có “unless”
S + V + although/ though/ even though + S + V.
Although/ Though/ Even though + S + V, S + V.
In spite of/ Despite + Noun phrase (cụm DT)/ Gerund , + S + V.
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Teacher : T T K O
Nếu câu đề bài có “OR” & “WILL”  Viết câu ĐK loại I
Nếu câu đề bài ở thì HT  Viết câu ĐK loại II
Nếu câu đề bài ở thì QK  viết câu ĐK loại III
Khi viết câu với IF thì phải bỏ “so, because, that’s why”
CLAUSES AFTER WISH (MỆNH ĐỀ SAU WISH)
1. Type I: Future wish (Ao ước ở tương lai)
S + wish + S + Would + Vo
2. Type II: Present wish (Ao ước ở hiện tại)
S + wish + S + V2/ed ( be  were )
didn’t + Vo
3. Type III: Past wish (Ao ước ở quá khứ)
S + wish + S + Had + V3/ed
Chú ý: S + wish…… = If only………
Nếu câu đề bài có “WILL” OR
“TOMORROW”  Viết loại I
Nếu câu đề bài ở HT  Viết loại II
Nếu câu đề bài ở QK  Viết loại III
 Bỏ “sorry, regret, what a pity…”
C¸ch sư dơng cÊu tróc “ either or ” vµ "neither nor ” .
§iỊu cÇn lu ý nhÊt khi sư dơng cỈp thµnh ng÷ nµy lµ ®éng tõ sau ®ã ph¶i chia theo
danh tõ sau or hc nor . NÕu danh tõ ®ã lµ sè Ýt th× ®éng tõ ph¶i chia ë ng«i thø 3 sè Ýt vµ
ngỵc l¹i.
Neither nor
+ noun + singular noun + singular verb
either or
VÝ dơ:
Neither John nor Bill is going to the beach today.
Singular noun singular verb
Neither John nor his friends are going to the beach today.

Either John or Bill is going to the beach today.
Singular noun singular verb
Neither nor
+ noun + plural noun + plural verb
either or
VÝ dơ:
Neither Maria nor her friend s are going to class today.
Plural plural
L u ý :
Khi chđ ng÷ lµ 1 verbing th× ®éng tõ ph¶i chia ë ng«i thø 3 sè Ýt.
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